Glossary

A pricing model where each item or service is priced separately. Common in airlines and hotels where meals, amenities, or upgrades are offered individually.

An à la carte bar offers drinks and snacks priced individually rather than included in a package or buffet. Travelers often encounter this setup in hotels, resorts, or on cruise ships where items are charged per order. It gives guests the freedom to choose exactly what they want, whether it’s a cocktail, a glass of wine, or a small plate. Unlike all-inclusive options, à la carte bars focus on personalized service and premium selections. It’s ideal for travelers who prefer flexibility and quality over quantity.

The ABC islands refer to Aruba, Bonaire, and Curaçao, a trio of Caribbean islands that are part of the Netherlands Antilles, located just off the northern coast of South America near Venezuela. Known for their crystal-clear waters and colorful coral reefs, the islands are a paradise for diving, snorkeling, and all kinds of water sports. Each island has its own vibe: Aruba is lively and developed, Bonaire is calm and eco-focused, and Curaçao blends Dutch charm with Caribbean culture. Together, they offer year-round sunshine and some of the best beach experiences in the region.

In travel and nautical terms, abeam means something located at a right angle to the side of a ship or aircraft, or directly beside it. On a boat, if another vessel or landmark is abeam, it’s positioned straight out from the side rather than ahead or behind. Pilots also use the term when referring to a point that lies directly off the wing of an aircraft. Understanding directions like abeam helps sailors and aviators navigate and communicate positions accurately while traveling.

Accessible tourism refers to travel that is designed to be inclusive and welcoming to everyone, including people with disabilities, seniors, and those with limited mobility or sensory needs. It focuses on removing barriers in transportation, accommodation, attractions, and services so all travelers can enjoy their journeys comfortably and safely. This includes features like wheelchair ramps, audio guides, and adapted hotel rooms. Accessible tourism benefits not only travelers with special needs but also families, older adults, and anyone seeking more convenient travel experiences.

Accessible travel refers to trips and experiences designed to accommodate travelers with disabilities, limited mobility, or other special needs. It ensures that transportation, accommodations, attractions, and activities are easy to access, safe, and comfortable for everyone. This includes features like wheelchair-friendly transportation, step-free hotel entrances, and adapted tours. Accessible travel also promotes awareness among service providers, encouraging more inclusive tourism worldwide. It’s all about making travel possible and enjoyable for every person, regardless of physical or sensory limitations.

A general term for lodging options such as hotels, hostels, resorts, or short-term rentals that provide overnight stays to travelers.

Actual time of arrival is the exact moment when a flight, train, or ship reaches its destination. It may differ from the scheduled time due to delays, weather, or air traffic. Travelers often check this time for accurate updates on pickups, connections, or transfers.

An add-on is an optional extra that travelers can purchase to enhance their trip, such as baggage, seat upgrades, travel insurance, or excursions. Airlines, hotels, and tour operators often offer add-ons to let travelers customize their experience. They’re a common way to tailor a trip to personal preferences or comfort levels.

Adjoining rooms are two or more hotel rooms located next to each other, connected by a shared door or hallway. They’re popular with families or groups who want to stay close while keeping some privacy. Unlike connecting rooms, adjoining rooms may not always have an interior door between them.

Adoption rate in travel refers to how quickly new technologies, services, or programs are accepted and used by travelers or the industry. It’s often used to measure the success of innovations like mobile check-ins, e-tickets, or digital passports. A high adoption rate shows that travelers find the feature convenient and valuable.

ADT stands for Atlantic Daylight Time or Alaska Daylight Time, depending on the region. It’s a time zone used during daylight saving months to extend evening daylight. Travelers may encounter ADT when booking flights, planning itineraries, or checking local times across North America.

Discounted ticket prices offered when booked a set number of days in advance. Common with airlines and sometimes non-refundable.

An adventure tour is a type of trip that focuses on exciting, physically engaging activities such as hiking, rafting, or wildlife exploration. These tours often take travelers to remote or natural destinations and emphasize outdoor experiences. They’re ideal for those seeking thrill, challenge, and cultural connection while traveling.

Tourism that includes physical activity, cultural exchange, or interaction with nature. Examples: hiking, zip-lining, or safari trips.

An adventure traveler is someone who seeks active, challenging, and immersive experiences while exploring new destinations. They often prefer hiking, diving, or cultural encounters over traditional sightseeing. Adventure travelers value discovery, nature, and authentic connections with local environments and people.

An affinity card is a credit or debit card linked to a specific organization, airline, or hotel loyalty program. It allows travelers to earn rewards, points, or donations every time they use the card. These cards are popular among frequent travelers who want to maximize benefits such as miles, discounts, or exclusive offers.

An affinity card is a credit or debit card linked to a specific organization, airline, or hotel loyalty program. It allows travelers to earn rewards, points, or donations every time they use the card. These cards are popular among frequent travelers who want to maximize benefits such as miles, discounts, or exclusive offers.

Aft refers to the rear or back part of a ship or aircraft. In travel, it’s used to describe cabin locations, seating, or directions toward the tail or stern. Passengers may choose aft cabins for quieter stays or specific views, depending on the vessel or plane layout.

An after-departure charge is a fee applied after a traveler has already checked out or completed their trip. It often covers costs like minibar use, room damage, or late return of rental equipment. Hotels and car rental companies commonly issue these charges once final inspections are done.

An agent is a professional who arranges travel services such as flights, hotels, and tours on behalf of travelers. Travel agents use their expertise to find the best routes, prices, and experiences, often providing personalized recommendations. They can work independently or for agencies, helping travelers plan and manage every part of their trip.

AIO variables stand for Activities, Interests, and Opinions - factors used to understand travelers’ lifestyles and preferences. In tourism marketing, they help identify what motivates people to travel, such as adventure, culture, or relaxation. These insights allow travel companies to tailor experiences and promotions to specific traveler types.

An air mile is a unit used to measure the distance traveled by air, often linked to frequent flyer programs. Travelers earn air miles for each flight, which can later be redeemed for tickets, upgrades, or other rewards. It’s a common way airlines reward customer loyalty and encourage repeat travel.

Air traffic control, or ATC, is the system that manages aircraft movements on the ground and in the air to ensure safe and efficient travel. Controllers guide pilots during takeoff, landing, and en route flights, maintaining safe distances between aircraft. It’s a vital part of modern aviation that keeps global air travel organized and secure.

An air travel card is a payment card used primarily for purchasing airline tickets and related travel services. It’s often issued through corporate or business travel programs to simplify expense tracking and billing. These cards help companies manage travel costs and provide travelers with a secure, convenient payment method.

Air-sea refers to travel packages or fares that include both air and sea transportation, such as cruises with flights to and from the departure port. These combined arrangements simplify planning and often save money by bundling tickets, transfers, and accommodations. They’re especially popular for international cruise vacations.

Air/sea refers to travel packages or fares that combine both air and sea transportation, such as cruises that include flights to and from the departure port. These packages simplify planning by bundling flights, transfers, and cruise arrangements into one booking. They’re popular for convenience and cost savings, especially on international cruise vacations.

An aircraft is any vehicle designed to fly through the air, including airplanes, helicopters, and gliders. In travel, it usually refers to commercial airplanes that transport passengers between destinations. Aircraft vary in size and range, from small regional planes to large international jets, forming the backbone of global air travel.

An airline alliance is a partnership between multiple airlines that cooperate to offer shared benefits such as coordinated flight schedules, joint lounges, and frequent flyer rewards. Major alliances like Star Alliance, Oneworld, and SkyTeam connect routes worldwide, making it easier for travelers to book connecting flights and earn miles across member airlines. These partnerships improve convenience and global reach for passengers.

An airline fare is the price a traveler pays for an airline ticket. It varies based on factors like route, booking time, class of service, and demand. Fares can include different levels of flexibility, baggage allowances, and cancellation rules, depending on the ticket type.

The Airlines Reporting Corporation (ARC) is a U.S.-based organization that manages financial transactions between airlines and travel agencies. It ensures secure processing of airline ticket sales, payments, and reporting. ARC plays a key role in maintaining trust and efficiency in the travel distribution system.

An airport access fee is a charge added by rental car companies, shuttle services, or transport providers for operating at airport facilities. It helps cover the cost of using airport roads, parking areas, and terminals. Travelers often see this fee included in rental or transfer bills rather than as a separate payment.

An airport transfer is a transportation service that takes travelers between an airport and their hotel, cruise port, or other destination. It can be private, shared, or part of a tour package. Airport transfers provide convenience, especially after long flights or in unfamiliar locations.

A package where accommodation, meals, drinks, and certain activities are included in a single price. Popular with resorts and cruises.

Airlines that provide services outside of traditional full-service carriers, often offering cheaper fares and more flexible routes.

Alternative tourism focuses on travel experiences that differ from mass tourism, emphasizing local culture, sustainability, and personal connection. It includes eco-tourism, rural tourism, and community-based travel. This approach aims to benefit local communities while offering travelers more authentic and responsible experiences.

An alumni tour is a group trip organized for graduates of a school, college, or university. These tours often combine sightseeing with educational or cultural experiences and are designed to strengthen alumni connections. They may include visits to historic sites, local events, or even the institution’s international programs.

In travel, an ambassador is someone who represents a destination, brand, or travel program, often promoting it through personal experience and engagement. Travel ambassadors may share stories, photos, and advice to inspire others to visit or support a destination. They play a key role in tourism marketing and community outreach.

Amenities are the features or services provided to enhance a traveler’s comfort and convenience. They can include items like Wi-Fi, toiletries, swimming pools, or airport lounges. In hotels and transportation, amenities often influence a traveler’s choice and overall experience.

An American Plan is a hotel pricing option that includes three daily meals - breakfast, lunch, and dinner - in the room rate. It’s often used at resorts or lodges where guests dine on-site. This plan offers convenience and predictable costs for travelers who prefer full meal coverage during their stay.

AMEX stands for American Express, a global financial company known for its credit cards, travel services, and rewards programs. Many travelers use AMEX cards for booking flights, hotels, and rentals due to added benefits like travel insurance and airport lounge access. It’s widely accepted by major airlines and hotels around the world.

Amidships refers to the central part of a ship, halfway between the bow and stern. Cabins located amidships often offer a smoother ride with less motion, making them ideal for travelers prone to seasickness. The term is commonly used when describing cabin locations or ship design.

Anniversary travel refers to trips taken to celebrate a wedding anniversary or relationship milestone. Couples often choose romantic destinations, resorts, or cruises to mark the occasion. These trips can range from quick getaways to luxury vacations designed to create lasting memories together.

Antebellum refers to the period before a war, most commonly the American Civil War. In travel, it’s often used to describe Southern architecture, plantations, and cultural heritage sites from that era. Visitors exploring the American South may encounter the term in tours highlighting history, architecture, and cultural traditions.

APEX stands for Advance Purchase Excursion, a type of discounted airline fare that requires travelers to book and pay for tickets well in advance. These fares are usually non-refundable and have restrictions on changes. APEX tickets are ideal for travelers with fixed plans looking for lower prices.

Personal details provided by travelers before flying, used for security screening by governments.

APR, or Advance Purchase Requirement, is a travel fare rule that requires booking a ticket a certain number of days before departure to get a lower price. Airlines and hotels often use APRs to encourage early reservations. Travelers who plan ahead can save money, while last-minute bookings usually cost more.

An apron is the area at an airport where aircraft are parked, loaded, unloaded, refueled, or boarded. It’s sometimes called the tarmac or ramp and is restricted to authorized personnel for safety reasons. Travelers usually see the apron when boarding or deplaning via stairs or buses.

An archipelago is a group or chain of islands clustered together in a body of water. Famous examples include Indonesia, the Philippines, and the Greek Islands. Archipelagos attract travelers with their scenic beauty, diverse cultures, and opportunities for island-hopping adventures.

ARTA stands for the Association of Retail Travel Agents, a U.S.-based organization that represents and supports independent travel agencies. It provides advocacy, education, and resources to help agents operate successfully in the travel industry. ARTA works to protect the interests of small and mid-sized travel businesses.

A type of transport booking where a vehicle is hired for a set period to go wherever the traveler needs, commonly used in chauffeur services.

An ASC fee, or Airport Service Charge, is a fee added to the cost of an airline ticket to cover airport maintenance and passenger services. It helps fund facilities such as terminals, runways, and security. Travelers usually see this fee included in the total ticket price rather than as a separate charge.

AST stands for Atlantic Standard Time, a time zone used in parts of the Caribbean and eastern Canada when daylight saving time is not in effect. Travelers may encounter AST when booking flights or scheduling activities in regions like Puerto Rico or the U.S. Virgin Islands.

ASTA stands for the American Society of Travel Advisors, a leading organization representing travel professionals worldwide. It provides training, advocacy, and support to travel advisors and promotes ethical and professional standards in the industry. ASTA also helps travelers connect with trusted advisors for expert trip planning.

A UK financial protection scheme ensuring consumers aren’t stranded abroad or lose money due to a travel company’s failure.

The autobahn is a high-speed highway system in Germany and parts of Europe, famous for sections without official speed limits. It’s designed for efficient, long-distance travel with smooth lanes and strict driving rules. For many travelers, driving on the autobahn is both a practical route and a unique cultural experience.

Indicates whether specific travel services (e.g., hotel rooms or flights) are open for booking at a particular time.

Average room rate is the average price paid per occupied room in a hotel over a specific period. It helps measure a property’s financial performance and pricing strategy. For travelers, it gives an idea of typical accommodation costs in a destination.

An airline ticket redeemed using frequent flyer miles or travel reward points rather than currency.

The amount of checked and carry-on luggage a passenger is permitted to bring without extra charges. This varies depending on airline, class of service, and destination.

The Balkans are a region in Southeast Europe with boundaries that vary depending on geographic, historical, and cultural perspectives. The generally accepted definition includes Albania, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia (up to the Sava and Kupa rivers), mainland Greece, Kosovo, Montenegro, North Macedonia, Northern Dobruja in Romania, Serbia (up to the Danube), and East Thrace in Turkey. Broader definitions sometimes include remaining parts of Croatia, Romania, and Serbia, as well as Slovenia (up to the Kupa River), Moldova, and even Hungary, due to cultural and historical ties. The province of Trieste in northeastern Italy, while geographically part of the peninsula, is typically excluded.

The initial price of a ticket before taxes, fees, or surcharges are added. It covers only the cost of transportation, not including extras like checked baggage, meals, or seat selection.

A biometric passport, or e-Passport, is a modern type of passport that includes an electronic microchip inside its cover. This chip securely stores the holder’s biometric information - typically a digital facial image, and in some cases fingerprints or iris scans - along with personal data printed in the passport. The data is used to confirm the traveler’s identity and protect against forgery or identity theft. These passports are globally standardized under guidelines set by the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO). They allow for faster processing at automated border control gates, reduce the risk of fraudulent documents, and increase travel security worldwide. As of today, most countries have adopted biometric passports as their standard travel document, making them a key component of international travel infrastructure.

Restricted travel dates during which special rates, discounts, or reward redemptions cannot be used. These often coincide with peak travel times such as holidays or major events.

A mix of business and leisure travel. A traveler on a business trip adds personal leisure time either before or after the work portion of the trip. This trend has grown with flexible working and travel policies.

A document provided at check-in that allows a passenger to enter the aircraft. It includes details such as seat number, gate, boarding time, and flight number. Available in paper or digital format.

An airline’s internal coding system used to assign fares and determine flexibility, refundability, and frequent flyer eligibility. Common codes include "Y" for economy, "J" for business, etc.

The period between the date a booking is made and the date of travel. Understanding booking windows can help travelers secure better rates or access promotions.

An airline that offers lower fares by eliminating traditional passenger services such as meals, checked baggage, or in-flight entertainment. Also known as low-cost carriers (LCCs).

A seat located directly behind a physical partition (bulkhead) in an aircraft. These seats often offer extra legroom but may have fixed armrests or no under-seat storage during takeoff and landing.

A premium travel class offering enhanced comfort, seating, meals, and services. Often used for long-haul business travel and positioned between economy and first class.

The category of service offered on an aircraft, such as Economy, Premium Economy, Business, and First Class. Each provides varying levels of comfort, service, and pricing.

The Caribbean refers to a region of island nations and territories located in the Caribbean Sea. It includes over 700 islands, islets, reefs, and cays, divided into three main groups: the Greater Antilles (Cuba, Jamaica, Hispaniola, Puerto Rico), the Lesser Antilles (Leeward Islands, Windward Islands, and the ABC islands), and the Lucayan Archipelago (Bahamas and Turks and Caicos). The region’s cultural heritage reflects indigenous, African, and European influences, shaped by centuries of colonization, migration, and trade. Tourism, agriculture, and maritime industries form key parts of its economy.

Another term for an airline or transportation company that provides travel services. Examples include national carriers, low-cost carriers, and regional airlines.

A charge imposed by airlines, hotels, or other travel providers for altering a booking. These fees vary depending on fare rules, provider policies, and timing of the change.

A non-scheduled flight arranged by a private group or tour operator. Often used for corporate events, group travel, or holiday packages.

An agreement between two or more airlines to share the same flight. A seat purchased on one airline may actually be operated by a partner carrier, providing broader service and flexibility.

Special pricing negotiated between a company and a travel provider, typically offering discounts, flexibility, and added perks for business travelers.

A hotel rate available for use of a room during the daytime hours without an overnight stay. Often used during long layovers or for meetings.

The U.S. Department of Transportation (DOT) is the federal agency that manages and regulates the nation’s transportation systems. It ensures that travel and transport across the United States are safe, efficient, and accessible.The DOT oversees highways, railways, airports, and public transit, sets national transportation policies and safety regulations, and distributes federal funding for infrastructure projects.

A fee imposed by a country or airport that must be paid upon departure. Sometimes included in the ticket price or collected separately at the airport.

A flight that travels from origin to destination without a change of aircraft, though it may include a stop en route. Different from a non-stop flight.

Disneyfication is a cultural and urban phenomenon where authentic locations, traditions, or cultural elements are reshaped to appeal to mass tourism in a way that resembles a theme park experience. The term originates from the influence of Disney theme parks, where environments are carefully curated, idealized, and commercialized. In tourism, Disneyfication often means stripping away complexity, controversy, or cultural depth and replacing it with easily digestible, aesthetically pleasing, and marketable versions.Examples include historic districts turned into commercial zones with souvenir shops, cultural performances adapted for tourists rather than local communities, or cities that redesign spaces to mimic idealized versions of themselves. While Disneyfication can boost tourism and local economies, critics argue it erodes cultural authenticity, homogenizes experiences, and prioritizes spectacle over substance.

A company’s legal and moral obligation to ensure the safety and well-being of its employees while traveling for work. It includes risk management, travel tracking, and emergency response planning.

A digital version of a paper airline ticket. Stored electronically, e-tickets simplify check-in and reduce the need for physical documents.

The Entry/Exit System (EES) is an EU-wide initiative designed to modernize the management of external Schengen borders. It automatically registers the personal data, biometric information (fingerprints and facial images), and travel details of non-EU citizens entering or leaving the Schengen Area for short stays of up to 90 days within a 180-day period. EES replaces traditional passport stamping with a digital system, improving accuracy in monitoring overstays and enhancing security. The system applies to travelers from visa-required and visa-exempt countries alike, though it does not affect EU citizens or long-term residents. Its introduction represents a key step toward the EU’s Smart Borders package.

Estimated time of arrival, often shortened to ETA, is the predicted time a flight, train, or ship is expected to reach its destination. It helps travelers and those waiting for arrivals plan ahead for pickups or connections. The ETA can change due to weather, delays, or route adjustments.

The expected time at which a trip is scheduled to begin. Used for travel coordination and delay notifications.

The European Travel Information and Authorization System (ETIAS) is a digital screening and authorization system created by the European Union for travelers from visa-exempt countries entering the Schengen Area. Expected to become operational in the coming years, ETIAS will require eligible travelers to apply online before their trip, providing personal and travel details along with security-related information. The authorization is electronically linked to the traveler’s passport and is valid for multiple short stays of up to 90 days within a 180-day period. ETIAS aims to improve border security, reduce irregular migration, and protect against potential security risks, while still allowing visa-free access for citizens of partner countries. EU citizens and those holding visas or residence permits will not be required to apply.

Luggage that exceeds the allowed weight or number limit, often resulting in additional fees. Policies vary by airline and fare type.

A premium airport lounge offering business travelers a quiet space with amenities like Wi-Fi, refreshments, workstations, and sometimes shower facilities.

An alphanumeric code used by airlines to identify the rules, restrictions, and pricing of a specific airfare.

A service that allows travelers expedited access through airport security or immigration checkpoints, typically offered to premium passengers or for an extra fee.

A loyalty scheme run by airlines to reward customers with points or miles that can be redeemed for flights, upgrades, or other perks.

An additional fee added to a base fare to offset fluctuations in fuel costs. Often itemized separately from the ticket price.

An airfare that allows changes and cancellations with minimal or no penalties. Preferred by corporate travelers for its adaptability.

A designated area at an airport terminal where passengers board and disembark from an aircraft.

A computerized network used by travel agencies and corporations to book flights, hotels, rental cars, and other travel services.

Google Flights is a web-based service by Google that allows travelers to search, compare, and book airline tickets across hundreds of carriers and online travel agencies. Launched in 2011, the platform stands out for its fast search functionality, intuitive interface, and integration with Google’s broader ecosystem. Users can explore destinations by entering specific routes or by browsing the interactive map, which shows available fares worldwide.

Key features include real-time price comparisons, predictive insights on whether fares are likely to rise or fall, filters for stops and airlines, and a fare calendar that highlights the cheapest days to travel. More recently, Google has added AI-powered tools such as Flight Deals, which allows users to describe trips in natural language (e.g., “week-long ski trip” or “summer beach vacation”), with the AI surfacing relevant itineraries at discounted prices.

Google Flights is widely used for its speed and transparency—while it doesn’t sell tickets directly, it directs users to airline or partner booking sites. Its integration with Google’s AI services is making it one of the most innovative platforms for planning flexible and budget-friendly travel.

All types of travel on land - taxis, rental cars, trains, buses - used before or after air travel.

A reservation for a large number of travelers, typically 10 or more. Common for conferences, company retreats, or tour groups.

The Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) is a regional intergovernmental organization established in 1981, consisting of six Middle Eastern countries: Bahrain, Kuwait, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, and the United Arab Emirates. The alliance aims to foster economic, political, and security cooperation among its member states, promoting regional stability and shared development.

For travelers, the GCC plays a significant role in shaping tourism policies across the Arabian Gulf. Many of the member countries have invested heavily in world-class hospitality, infrastructure, and major international events, making the region a hub for luxury, business, and cultural tourism. Visa agreements within the GCC often allow for easier cross-border travel between member nations, benefiting both tourists and business travelers. Understanding the GCC is essential for navigating regional travel rules, planning multi-country Gulf itineraries, and staying informed on current developments affecting tourism in the area.

The Gulf States is a term used for a group of countries located along the Persian Gulf. Core members include Bahrain, Kuwait, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, and the United Arab Emirates. Yemen is sometimes included in a broader cultural sense due to shared linguistic, religious, and historical links, though it does not have a Gulf coastline. The region is recognized for its shared Arab heritage, Islamic traditions, and significant oil and gas reserves. Politically, the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) serves as a framework for economic and security cooperation among most of these states.

Also known as checked baggage, this is luggage that is stored in the aircraft’s cargo hold rather than carried into the cabin.

A booking that allows guests to use a hotel room for a few hours during the day, often for rest or meetings between flights.

A rewards system offered by hotel chains that allows frequent guests to earn points toward free stays, upgrades, or exclusive perks.

An airport used as a central transfer point by an airline to connect passengers to various destinations. Examples include Frankfurt for Lufthansa or Doha for Qatar Airways.

A global trade association of airlines that helps standardize and regulate air travel operations and safety.

Traveling into a country or city, typically referring to visitors or international arrivals.

A partnership between two or more airlines that allows passengers to book connecting flights on different carriers using a single ticket.

The International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) is a United Nations specialized agency established in 1944 under the Chicago Convention on International Civil Aviation. Its main purpose is to coordinate and regulate international air travel by setting common standards and recommended practices for aviation safety, security, efficiency, and environmental protection. ICAO works with 193 member states and industry groups to develop regulations covering air navigation, airport and airline operations, accident investigation, and emission reduction strategies.One of its most important contributions has been the standardization of travel documents, including Machine Readable Passports (MRPs) and Biometric Passports (e-Passports), which are essential for modern border control systems. ICAO also promotes cooperation between countries to improve global air connectivity while minimizing risks and ensuring sustainability.

A document or digital summary outlining a traveler’s complete trip details, including flights, hotel stays, meetings, and transfers.

A temporary condition resulting from crossing multiple time zones quickly, leading to fatigue, insomnia, or digestive issues.

A commercial agreement where two or more airlines collaborate closely on routes, pricing, and revenue sharing as if they were one carrier.

Corporate planning of safe and efficient travel for employees, especially in high-risk areas or complex itineraries.

An electronic card issued to guests for hotel room access and additional amenities such as gyms or executive lounges.

Distance units used globally in travel—most countries use kilometers, while the U.S. uses miles. Important for route planning and rental agreements.

A delay caused by a previous disruption in the travel schedule, often affecting connecting flights or transport services.

A scheduled stop between two flights, usually for a connecting flight. Layovers may be short (1–4 hours) or extended overnight.

The amount of time between booking and the actual date of travel or stay. Early lead times often result in better rates and availability.

An airline that offers low fares by minimizing traditional services such as meals, seat assignments, and free baggage.

A tier or level achieved in a travel rewards program that grants members additional benefits like upgrades, lounge access, or priority boarding.

A flight taken primarily to accumulate airline miles or retain elite status, rather than for reaching a specific destination.

The shortest permissible time between connecting flights as determined by the airline or airport. Critical for smooth transit.

A ticket or itinerary that includes different classes of service on different flight segments (e.g., economy outbound, business inbound).

A digital boarding pass stored on a smartphone, typically accessible through an airline’s app or email.

A fare provided to travel agents or corporate buyers without markup. Often used in negotiated or bulk purchase agreements.

A passenger who fails to appear for a booked flight or hotel stay without prior cancellation.

A ticket that cannot be refunded if canceled. These tickets are typically cheaper but come with more restrictions.

A direct flight that travels from origin to destination without any stops or layovers.

Travel reservations made via phone or email, rather than through an online booking tool (OBT).

A process that allows passengers to check in and obtain their boarding pass online prior to arriving at the airport.

An Online Travel Agency (OTA) is a website or app that lets travelers browse, compare, and book travel services like flights, hotels, car rentals, and vacation packages. OTAs act as middlemen between travel providers and customers, streamlining the booking process by offering multiple options in one place. Examples of well-known OTAs include Expedia, Booking.com, and Trip.com.

A travel itinerary where a passenger flies into one city and departs from another. Common in multi-city business trips.

The practice of selling more tickets than available seats to account for expected no-shows. May result in passengers being denied boarding.

Overtourism refers to the excessive growth of tourism in a destination, resulting in strain on infrastructure, natural resources, and cultural heritage. It often manifests in overcrowded attractions, rising costs of living for residents, and environmental degradation. Cities like Venice, Barcelona, and Dubrovnik, as well as natural sites such as national parks, have become well-known examples. While tourism brings economic benefits, overtourism highlights the challenges of balancing visitor demand with sustainability and quality of life for local communities. Efforts to address overtourism include visitor caps, seasonal travel promotion, and the development of sustainable tourism policies.

A daily allowance given to employees to cover travel expenses such as meals and incidental costs.

A unique identifier for a travel booking, storing all relevant itinerary and passenger information.

A travel provider (e.g., airline, hotel, car rental) selected by a company as part of a negotiated program offering benefits and discounts.

An older method of paying for a ticket in one location and issuing it at another; now largely replaced by e-tickets.

A line of travelers waiting for services such as check-in, boarding, or immigration.

A short period between arrival and departure for an aircraft, or for a traveler’s return journey.

A limit on the number of bookings, seats, or rooms allocated to a specific group or travel program.

Changing a travel reservation to a new time, date, or itinerary. May involve additional fees depending on the fare rules.

An overnight flight that typically departs late evening and arrives the next morning. Popular for maximizing working hours.

A ticket that can be fully or partially refunded if canceled, offering greater flexibility for travelers.

A reserved group of hotel rooms set aside for an organization or event, often at negotiated rates.

The distance between seats in an aircraft, indicating legroom. Important for traveler comfort, especially on long flights.

An automated machine at airports allowing travelers to check in, print boarding passes, or tag baggage without staff assistance.

A stay of more than 24 hours (or 4 hours for domestic flights) in a connecting city, typically requiring special fare rules.

An additional fee added to the base cost of a ticket, often for fuel, security, or airport use.

The date by which a booking must be paid and ticketed to avoid cancellation.

A business travel agency that helps corporations manage bookings, policies, reporting, and traveler support.

A company’s official guidelines regarding how employees can book and conduct business travel, including budget limits and preferred suppliers.

A U.S. program by the Transportation Security Administration that offers expedited airport security screening for pre-approved travelers. Shoes, belts, and laptops stay in place.

A child traveling alone, requiring special arrangements and supervision by the airline.

A negotiated discount below published fares, often used in corporate contracts.

A travel device that allows electrical plugs from different countries to be used in foreign outlets.

An enhancement to a better class of service or room type, often granted via loyalty programs or for a fee.

Stands for "Visiting Friends and Relatives" – a major travel category distinct from business or leisure.

Official permission granted by a country allowing entry for a specified purpose and duration. Requirements vary widely by destination.

A change to a booking initiated by the traveler, as opposed to airline-initiated schedule changes.

A document issued by travel providers that represents a prepaid service like a hotel stay, transfer, or meal.

A list of passengers awaiting a seat on a fully booked flight, often cleared based on fare class or status.

The process of checking into a flight online via the airline’s website or app. Usually available 24–48 hours before departure.

Internet access offered on flights, sometimes free for business travelers or elite members.

A seat located next to the aircraft window—preferred by travelers who want a view or to lean against the wall during sleep.

Workation is a portmanteau of “work” and “vacation,” describing a form of travel where people maintain their professional responsibilities while staying in a holiday setting. Enabled by remote work and digital connectivity, workations allow travelers to balance productivity with leisure, often choosing destinations that offer both reliable internet and attractive environments.This trend has grown with the rise of flexible work arrangements, making it popular among digital nomads, freelancers, and employees with remote-work privileges. Workations may last from a few days to several months and are often supported by hotels, resorts, and destinations that market facilities for both business and relaxation.

A special promotional or unpublished fare, often restricted to certain channels or travel consolidators.

A data format often used in travel tech systems to facilitate communication between booking tools, GDSs, and vendors.

The fare class code for a full-fare economy ticket. It typically offers the most flexibility and earns maximum frequent flyer benefits.

A pricing strategy used by airlines and hotels to adjust rates based on demand, booking window, and availability.

A discounted airfare available to travelers within a specific age range, usually under 26 or 30.

A ticket issued at no cost to the traveler, often in the form of a reward or frequent flyer redemption. Taxes and fees may still apply and must be paid separately.

A pricing method used by some airlines where fares are calculated based on geographic zones rather than specific distances or cities. Often used in corporate or negotiated fare programs.

A boarding process where passengers are called to board the aircraft by pre-assigned zones, usually based on seat location, fare class, or frequent flyer status. Helps streamline boarding and reduce congestion.

A type of airline ticket based on pre-set zones (e.g., North America to Europe) rather than specific cities. Often used in travel management programs to simplify global travel planning.

Also known as Coordinated Universal Time (UTC), Zulu Time is the standard time used in aviation, military, and navigation to avoid confusion across time zones. Essential for accurate flight planning and international scheduling.